Russian military losses in Ukraine have surged in 2025, with confirmed deaths reaching nearly 160,000, though estimates suggest the true toll could be between 243,000 and 352,000. BBC analysis highlights that volunteer recruits—many previously non-military and some facing criminal charges—now make up a growing share of casualties.
The increase in losses coincides with intensified US diplomatic efforts, including proposals from President Donald Trump for a peace deal. Despite heavy casualties, Russia has maintained recruitment levels, with over 336,000 new recruits signed up in 2025, partially through incentives and pressure on individuals facing legal trouble.
Ukrainian losses are also significant, with estimates of up to 140,000 killed and hundreds of thousands wounded. The conflict remains intense, with both sides experiencing sustained human and military costs.
